cEkoDok MasiN BloG

“…credit to nash…“

Sem 1 sesi 03/04

Bhgn A jwb semua

1.D) is a continuing increase in human population good for the planet in the long run? Mention 4 general consequences of this scenario. Adakah pertumbuhan populasi manusia yang berterusan ini membawa kebaikan kepada planet kita dalam jangka masa panjang.(4m)

2.A) define the term ecosystem. (1m)

b) list the biotic components in ecosystem structure. (3m)

c) why the consumption efficiency (CE) value in aquatic ecosystem is higher than terrestrial ecosystem? Mengapakah nilai kecekapan mengguna (CE) di dalam ekosistem akuatik lbh tinggi berbanding di dalam ekosisem daratan(3m)

d) ecosystem require energy to function. Where does this energy come from?where does it go? Ekosistem memerlukan tenaga untuk berfungsi. Daripada manakah sumber tenaga ini diperolehi? Ke manakah tenaga in bergerak? (3m)

3.A) what is the total percentage of the following water resources?

i)Salts water

ii)Ice

iii)Fresh water (air tawar)(3m)

b) with the aid of a diagram, show how the watr move between aquatic, atmospheric and terrestrial(daratan) compartments (4m)

c) class III water classification in Malaysia is used for (3m)

fisheries-non-sensitive aquatic species, livestock.

4.Pollution arises from unwanted changes of environment caused by the introduction of harmful materials or the production of harmful conditions.

A)Briefly describe any one problem associated with the use of synthetic organic pesticides.(2m)

Human health effect-acute and chronic effect

Eg lymphoma n breast cancer caused by organochlorine pesticides

B)Explain how biomagnifications of mercury in aquatic system occurs (3m)

Mercury deposited into aquatic system through precipitation. Methylation takes place through bacteria activities, inorganic Hg2+ (CH3Hg)+ which is more harmful than inorganic Hg2+ (CH3Hg)+ pass through food chain and the concentration of methyl mercury increase further up the food chain.

C)What is the common method of solid waste disposal in our country? (1m)

Landfill disposal

D)List two problem associated with the method of solid waste disposal mentioned in (4c)(2m)

Lack of landfill, leachates

E)What is meant by noise pollution and why it is considered as a source of pollution?(2m)

Noise pollution is a pollution related to undesired sound that may damage one’s hearing. It is considered as a sources as a sources of pollution because it is an energy residue.

5.Air pollution occurs when the amount of waste entering the atmosphere exceed the ability of the atmosphere to degrade the pollutants.

a)Distinguish between the primary and the secondary air pollutants. (2m)

1°-release directly into the atmosphere

2°- 1° pollutant react with normal atmospheric compound

b)How does air pollutant effect visual qualities of environment?(2m)

Light scattered by pollutants

c)What is meant by synergistic effect? How this effect influences human health?(3m)

synergistic effect- combined effect is much greater than the sum of the separate effect

d)What are the different between photochemical smog n sulfurous smog?(2m)

Photo

Brown air, produced by automobile use

Sulfur

Grey air, burning of oil/coal

e)What molecule can oxidize pollutant to the harmless substances naturally?(1m)

6.World commission on enviro n development in its report emphasized that the enviro should be managed by the concept of sustainable development.

a)What is meant by sustainable development?(1m)

Meants the needs of the present without comprising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs

b)Explain why one of the sustainable development principle addressed the problem of people who live under absolute poverty(2m)

Poverty reduces people’s capacity to use resources in sustainable manner. Growth must be revived (in developing countries). Economic growth, allevation of proverty n environmental condition operate most directly.

c)What step should be taken to ensure sustainable level of population especially in developing countries?(2m)

Population policies should be integrated with economic n social development managing the process of urbanization to avoid a severe deterioration in the quality of life.

d)List 2 implications due to the rapid development in our country.(2m)

Established of big cities as well as population expansion.

Environmental degradation especially in the urban n industrial areas.

e)What are the concern of development in our country in 1990’s?(3m)

Vision 2020-achieve fully industrialized nation status by the year 2020

Maintain the existing growth strategies / economic growth

Attract local n foreign investors to increase manufacturing industries.

Development of environmental consideration / sustainable development

50 tips utk 50 soalan final

Tajuk 1: 4 soalan

·Definisi & contoh kpd: pengujian,pngukuran, pnilaian

·Peringkat utama proses pnilaian: ada 6—jenis data,jenis responden,pengumpulan data

·Tknik pngmpulan mklmt utk pnilaian:2teknik—frmatif n sumatif

·Alat2 pngumpulan mklmt utk mbuat ptaksiran: ujian,soal slidik,snarai semak, anekdot,sosiogram,dll.

·Skala pengumpulan:nominal,ordinal,skala sela/jarak,skala nisbah

Tajuk 2: 6 soalan

·Jenis2 ujian:pecapaian,formatif,rujukan criteria,rujukan norma,objektif,subjektif,12 klasifikasi ujian,10 jenis ujian.

Tajuk 3: 3 soalan

·Pembinaan ujian:taksonomi bloom (brapa domain,makna domain),JPU n tujuan, Bentuk JPU n pmbinaan(langkah2)

Tajuk4: 4 item

·Pengubalan item: langkah2 utama pgubalan item, bagaimana nk gubal item objektif, pgubalan item subjektif

tajuk5: 7 soalan

·ciri2 utama ujian: konsep kbolehpcayaan (3soalan)— uji ulang uji, ujian bentuk stara yg ada sentuh pasal alpha, faktor2 yg mpngaruhi kbolehpcayaan.

·Kesahan (3soalan): eviden2 kesahan yg bkaitan dgn kandungan n criteria,faktor2 yg mpngaruhi kesahan.

·Keobjektifan (1 soalan)

Bab 6: 6 soalan

·statistic awalan: konsep pngiraan n kgunaan taburan kekerapan, histogram polygon (konsep,pngiraan, n kgunaan), ogif n persentile peningkatan (konsep,pengiraan n kgunaan), mod,median,min,maksud sisihan piawai n julat, skor z n t, graf garis lengkung—bkait ngan skor z n t, pbandingan skor z n skor t drpd segi pcapaian.

Bab 7: 3soalan

·Holistic n analitik (3soalan)

·Pgredan-3 soalan-rujukan norma n criteria

Bab 8: 4 soalan

·analisis item: indeks ksukaran—makna,kgunaan n formula

·indeks diskriminasi

·kberkesanan pganggu/distraktor—bagaimana pilih distraktor yg bkesan

bab 9: penaksiran alternative (psembahan,autentik,portfolio)—3 soalan

·psmbahan n autentik

·konsep n definisi

·ciri2

·langkah2 ptaksiran psembahan

·bagaimana tentukan pskoran psembahan

Portfolio: 4 soalan

·definisi, penggunaan portfolio—bagaimana bantu,kbaikan n kburukan.

·Langkah2 utama dlm ptaksiran portfolio

·Pmarkahan—bgaimana bg markah

Bab 10: pelaporan: 1 soalan

·Tujuan n ciri2 utama pelaporan,kaedah,kelebihan n kburukan.

Bab 11: 2 soalan:IRT

·Pengenalan, pbezaan TUK n IRT, pgunaan model IRT

ni tips 4p..ade 50 tips smuanye utk 50 soalan…enjoy it ok..but,kalu xmsk exam,jgn salahkan ku plak..huhu..

klik je kat imej tu utk view..n den, right click>save image..pastu zoom la ekk kat komp korg utk baca..aku malas nk taip blk..huhuu..